Polyvinyl chloride and olefin polymer compositions having improved resistance to deterioration comprising an organic phosphite ester having at least one aromatic polycarbocyclic group



United States Patent 3,476,699 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND OLEFIN POLYMER COMPOSITIONS HAVING IMPROVED RESIST- ANCE TO DETERIORATION COMPRISING AN ORGANIC PHOSPHITE ESTER HAVING AT LEAST ONE AROMATIC POLYCARBOCYCLIC GROUP Otto S. Kauder, Jamaica, William E. Leistner, Brooklyn, and Arthur C. Hecker, Forest Hills, N.Y., assignors to Argus Chemical Corporation, Brooklyn, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Continuation-impart of applications Ser. No. 160,237, Dec. 18, 1961, and Ser. No. 240,754, Nov. 28, 1962. This application Aug. 1, 1966, Ser. No. 569,115

Int. Cl. C08f 45/58; C07f 9/22 U.S. Cl. 260-23 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Polyvinyl chloride and olefin polymer resin compositions are provided having improved resistance to deterioration, comprising an organic phosphite ester having only radicals directly attached to phosphorus through Oxygen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic radicals and heterocyclic radicals having in addition to carbon an atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and having attached to each phosphite group in the molecule at least one aromatic polycarbocyclic group having the formula (Ar),,-YAr, wherein Ar is a carbocyclic aromatic group, either containing a free phenolic hydroxyl group or connected through an oxygen atom to the phosphorus of a phosphite group, p is a number fro mone to four, and Y is a polyvalent linking group.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 160,237 filed Dec. 18, 1961, now abandoned, and application Ser. No. 240,754 filed Nov. 28, 1962, now abandoned.

This invention relates to new organic phosphites, and to synthetic resin and particularly olefin polymer and polyvinyl chloride resin compositions containing the same, and having, as a result, an improved resistance to deterioration, evidenced especially by improved long term stability, when heated at elevated temperatures.

Many organic phosphites have been proposed as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride resins, and are employed either alone or in conjunction with other stabilizing compounds, such as polyvalent metal salts of fatty acids and alkyl phenols. Such phosphite stabilizers normally contain alkyl or aryl radicals in suificient number to satisfy the three valences of the phosphite, and typical phosphites are described in the patent literature, for example, United States Patents Nos. 2,564,646, to Leistner et al., dated Aug. 14, 1951, 2,716,092 to Leistner et al., dated Aug. 23, 1955, and 2,997,454 to Leistner et al., dated Aug. 22, 1961. Phosphites are also employed in conjunction with other stabilizers such as a polyhydric phenol in the stabilization of polyprpoylene and other polyolefins against degradation upon heating or aging under atmospheric conditions. The polyhydric phenol is thought to function as an antioxidant in such combinations. In many cases, it is also desirable to incorporate an antioxidant of this type in polyvinyl chloride resins and other halogen-containing resins. However, the polyhydric phenols are solids and the organic phosphites are liquids, and combinations thereof when sold for use by the converter of the resins are consequently nonhomogeneous slurries. The phenol tends to settle out in the container, and the fact that the composition is in the form of a slurry makes it difficult to incorporate the "ice proper proportions of phenol and phosphite in the resin. Furthermore, phenols have a tendency to, impart a dark color to synthetic resins containing them. L

In Ser. No. 32,087, filed on May 27, 1960, now U.S. Patent No. 3,244,650 to Hecker'et al., dated Apr. 5, 1966, there is disclosed one methodfor avoiding the first problem, i.e., the problem of incompatibility and nonhomogeneity, described above, in combining a polyhydric phenol with an organic phosphite, and a salt of an organic acid and a metal of Group II of the Periodic Table. Ser. No. 446,422, filed on Apr. 7, 1965, to Hecker et al., now Patent No. 3,255,136, dated June 7, 1966, discloses and claims similar combinations including a thiodipropionate. It is there disclosed that by at least partially transesterifying a mixture of the polyhydric phenol and the organic phosphite, a homogeneous product can be obtained.

The importance of phosphites as stabilizers for synthetic resins has led to the development of a large variety of phosphites which are intended to meet one or the other of the problems of homogeneity and compatibility, as well as to improve the stabilizing effectiveness of the phosphite. However, the phosphites which have been proposed have not been entirely successful, partly because of their complicated structure, which makes them costly to prepare, and partly because of their difficulty of preparation. It is important if the phosphite is Patent Nos. 2,564,646, 2,761,092 and 2,997,454, that it be prepared from readily available and inexpensive starting materials, and that it .be prepared by a simple transesterification or equivalent process from the least expensive and most available triphosphite on the market today, triphenyl phosphite.

U.S. Patents Nos. 3,112,286 to Morris et al., dated Nov. 26, 1963, and 3,167,526 to A. M. Nicholson, dated Jan. 26, 1965, disclose triaryl phosphites, which include among the aryl substituents bisphenyl groups which can contain free phenolic hydroxyl groups. These are simple nonpolymeric phosphites, like the phosphites of Patent Nos. 2,564,646, 2,716,092 and 2,997,454.

U.S. Patent No. 2,234,379 to G. D. Martin, dated Mar. 11, 1941, discloses heterocyclic phenylene phosnonpolymeric phosphites, like the phosphites of Patents phites in which the phenylene group forms a heterocychc ring with two oxygen atoms of the phosphite group. These are indicated as useful in the preservation of fatty materials against decomposition or rancidification. U.S. Patent No. 2,834,798 to Hechenbleikner et al., dated May 13, 1958, discloses similar hete-rocyclic phosphites, in which the bivalent group is alkylene or mixed alkylene arylene.

Phosphites of a more complicated polymeric structure have been proposed as stabilizers or inhibitors for various types of organic compounds. Most of these materials have a high molecular weight, and exist as viscous liquids or resinous solids. Typical of these materials are the polymeric aromatic phosphites of U.S. patent. No. 2,612,488 to J. F. Nelson, dated Sept. 30, 1952, and British Patent No. 676,553 published July 30, 1952, to Standard Oil Development Company. U.S. Patent No. 2,841,608, to Hechenbleikner et al; dated July 1, 1958, discloses dimeric phosphites in which all of the substitu cuts are aliphatic.

In accordance with the invention, organic phosphites are provided (1) having attached to a phosphite group in the molecule at least one radical selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic groups, and (2) having attached to each phosphite group at least one polycarbocyclic aromatic group having the formula:

. 3 whereinz Y is a polyvalent linking group selected from the group consisting of oxygen; aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon groups attached to each Ar group through a carbon atom not a member of an aromatic ring; oxyaliphatic; thioaliphatic; oxycycloaliphatic, thiocyeloaliphatic; heterocyclic; oxyheterocyclic, thioheterocyclic, carbonyl, sulfinyl; and sulfonyl groups. Y cannot be a sulfide group ('S) wherein x is one or more. Ar is a phenolic nucleus which can be phenyl or a polycarbocyclic group having condensed or separate phenyl rings; each Ar group is either connected through an oxygen atom to a phosphite group or contains a free phenolic hydroxyl group, or both; and p is a number, one or greater and preferably from one to four, which defines the number of Ar groups linked to Y.

The remaining groups of the phosphite are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent and bivalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic groups having from one to about thirty carbon atoms, all of the groups being attached to phosphorus through oxygen.

The phosphites of the invention combine in one molecule the stabilizing elfectiveness associated with organic phosphites as well as the antioxidant effectiveness of the phenols. Antioxidant effectiveness is found in phosphite esters having aromatic groups attached directly through oxygen to the phosphorus of the phosphite, whether or not a free phenolic hydroxyl group is present; but compounds having free phenolic hydroxyl groups appear to have an enhanced antioxidant effectiveness, so that preferably at least one of the (Ar-) --YAr groups per molecule has a free phenolic hydroxyl group.

Polymeric phosphites wherein the molecule is made up of a chain of phosphite groups linked to Ar) -YAr groups are also contemplated.

These phosphites have been found to be highly effective stabilizers for synthetic resins, particularly for polyvinyl chloride and polyolefins. The effectiveness of these phosphites is at least in part due to the presence in the molecule of both aliphatic or cycloaliphatic and bicyclic aromatic groups.

The compounds of the invention surprisingly are more effective as stabilizers than phosphites and phenols taken in combination, but as separate compounds, in the same relative amounts as the phosphite and phenol moieties of the phosphites of the invention. Apparently, the association of the groups in the same molecule has an enhancing effect. Furthermore, the presence of at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group attached to a phosphite group in the molecule also has a substantial effect in enhancing the stabilizing effectiveness of the phosphite. Usually, in a molecule containing several phosphite groups there should be at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group attached to phosphorus through oxygen for every ten phosphite groups, and preferably at least one for every eight phosphite groups. The compounds of the invention having two phosphite groups as a minimum per molecule are generally more elfecive stabilizers than compounds having .one phosphite group and the same relative proportion of phenolic groups.

Thecompounds of the invention are liquids or low melting resinous solids, and are compatible with synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polyolefins in the proportions required for stabilization.

The organic phosphites of this invention can be defined by the. formula:

wherein Zis selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, and Ar gro p aken in sufiicient number to satisfy the valences of the two phosphite oxygen atoms. At least one Z group is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group, and p, Y and Ar are as defined above.

Exemplary of types of phosphites falling within the above general formula are the following:

In the above formulae, R is a monovalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group, R is a monovalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group, and R is a bivalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group. Any (Ar) YAr groups can be cross-linked to other phosphite groups.

The polymeric organic phosphite esters have the general formula:

i n wherein 17, Ar and Y are as defined above, and at least one of the Zs is a cycloaliphatic or aliphatic group, the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic groups being present in sufficient number to impart an enhanced stabilizing effectiveness for polyvinyl chloride and polyolefin resins to the photophite, and n and p represent the number of such bracketed repeating units in each chain, and can range from zero to an indefinite upper limit, depending upon the molecular Weight of the polymer. Inasmuch as compatibility with the synthetic resin may decrease at very high values of n, when the polymers tend to become resinous in nature, usually n does not exceed ten, and preferably does not exceed five.

2 can be monovalent or polyvalent, inasmuch as 2 can be a plurality of radicals taken separately to satisfy the valences of the phosphite oxygen atoms to which Z is attached. Furthermore, Z can be a bivalent radical forming a heterocyclic ring with the oxygen atoms, or when present in the repeating unit can form a cross-link to adjacent polyphosphite chains of like type. Thus, Z when bivalent can be an aliphatic bivalent group, an aromatic bivalent group, a cycloaliphatic bivalent group and a heterocyclic bivalent group. 2 when monovalent can include an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group, as well as one hydrogen atom. Thus, the invention encompasses acid phosphites as well as neutral triphosphites.

It will be apparent that when p is one and the Z radicals present in the repeating unit of the polymeric phosphite are monovalent, the polyphosphites of the invention exist as linear chains, and when the Z radicals in the repeating units are bilvalent cross-links, the polyphosphites take the form of cross-linked polymers.

The polyphosphites which exist as cross-linked polymers wherein the Z of the repeating unit is a cross-link to an adjacent chain can take a variety of forms, only some of which because of space limitations can be represented here. The following formulae are exemplary of cross-linked polymers:

In all of the above formulae, the Z groups will normally have a total of from one to about thirty carbon atoms, andpreferably from about two to ten carbon atoms. Z groups whenrbivalent will usually have at least two carbon atoms where they form a heterocyclic ring with two oxygen atoms of a phosphite group. n: and p; are numbers greater than zero and preferably from one to three.

The Ar group can beany aromatic nucleus, monocarbocyclic or polycarbocyclic, with condensed or separate rings, and the rings when separate-can also be connected by a bivalent linking nucleus of the type of Y, for example, ArY-Ar--YAr. Where Ar contains free phenolic hydroxyl groups the polycyclic aromatic group can be represented as follows:

hydrocarbon groups having from one to about thirty carbon atoms, carbonyl (0 0) and carboxyl groups. Usually, however, each aromatic nucleus will not have more than about eighteen carbon atoms in any hydrocarbon substituent group. The Ar group can have from one to four substituent groups per nucleus.

Typical aromatic nuclei include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, triphenylenyl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl, and fluorenyl groups.

In the compounds of the invention, there is one phenolic hydroxyl group or residue thereof for each aromatic ring, but there can be up to five hydroxyl groups per rlng.

The simplest form of Ar-Y-Ar group has the structure:

R and R represent hydroxyl groups or the inert substituents set forth above, 2 is as defined above and n and n represent the number of R groups on each ring, and have a value from zero to four.

Exemplary Y groups are alkylene, alkylidene, alkenylene, cycloalkylene and cycloalkylidene, and oxy-, and chic-substituted such groups, carbonyl, tetrahydrofuranes, esters and triazino groups. The Y group-s are usually bi-, tri-, or tetravalent, connecting two, three or four Ar groups. However, higher valence Y groups, connecting more than four Ar groups, can also be used.

Examples of Y are:

CH OH:

CH3 l I CHOHU I Typical Z monovalent organic radicals include alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, isohexyl, secondary hexyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, tridecyl, octadecyl, and behenyl, and interrupted alkyl groups such as ethoxyethyl, butoxy ethoxyethyl, and ethoxy propoxypropyl.

Typical monovalent aryl radicals include phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, xylyl, tolyl and naphthyl, phenoxyethyl and fi-p-chlorophenoxyhexyl.

Typical monovalent cycloaliphatic radicals include cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, and cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl and cyclododecyl, and monovalent heterocyclic radicals include pyridyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, furyl and piperidinyl.

Typical bivalent 2 groups include ethylene; propylene; octylene; 2-ethy1 hexylene; 1,4-cyclohexy1ene; 1,2-cyclohexylene; butylene; 1,3-cyclopentylene; phenylene; phenethylene;

4111mm wagon;

The following compounds are illustrati e of phosphites falling within the invention:

0 on; o 7

l sHn l CzHsO-P\ CH;

(l t l l Clix ?i2 2$ l l r-oQ-cmw CCHz-OO-PO-Cullu 5 6 s 000cm, 0000.11, OIL-CH1 CH, Gin-cu,

CH1 CH-O P- 0 H o-P O-OH on, 233: H: Hi $32: 43H; CHr-C: 1 CH] CHr-C CH I t [Q- l- B0 --0P(0 uHu): l l

21H: CH3 2r. t-C4H; t-CtHl 45 7 HO EH 0 P-OC|uHu 00H" H H; (g CH, I H 32. O I CH: If

on, S /PY-OC S OH 28. CH: o o

t HOCH (2 p-(lH 5 33- (1)11 ?H I (I) P (OCaHn)! 0- H, caIy-QoHUoH'QmH.

l The phosphite esters of the invention can be obtained by the classical method of reacting the desired polyphenols and alcohols with PCI;; in the presence of basic 30 HCl acceptors such as tertiary amines, or alternatively,

s v 7, I

by first reacting the polyphenols with PCl without basic catalyst to form the aryl chlorophosphites and then reacting the aryl chlorophosphites with alcohol in the presence of tertiary amines.

The phosphite ester compounds of the invention are also obtained quite readily by transesterifying an aliphatic and/ or cycloaliphatic phosphite having the desired aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic groups with a polycyclic polyhydric phenol, or alternatively, by transesterifying an aryl phosphite with a polycyclic polyhydric phenol and an 17 aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic alcohol. One can also transesterify a mixture of phenolic phosphites and aliphatic and/ or cycloaliphatic phosphites to obtain a final product with the desired proportion of aliphatic and/r cycloaliphatic radicals in the molecule.

The transesterification reaction proceeds with the replacement of some or all of the substituent radicals of the phosphite by the polycyclic polyhydric phenol and aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic alcohol present. The extent of the transesterification is determined by the proportion of phenol and/or alcohol equivalents to phosphite equivalents in the reaction mixture. Any other Z groups which can be present in the product of this invention, e.g., heterocyclic groups, and hydrogen atoms, can be present in the phosphite reactant, or added during the transesterification, e.g., heterocyclic alcohol such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, pyridinemethanol and 2-pyridinol.

An alternative method is to prepare the products of this invention from phosphorus trichloride. PCl is first reacted with a polycyclic polyhydric phenol, alone or mixed with another phenol, and then the aromatic phosphite is transesterified with the desired proportion of an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic alcohol. The other Z groups can also be added in this manner when desired.

The molar proportions of the phosphite and polyhydric polycyclic phenolic groups in the compounds of this invention depend upon the proportions of these ingredients used as starting materials. The structure of the phosphite will depend upon the manner in which such proportions of polyhydric phenol and phosphite can associate in the molecule, and if a variety of structures is theoretically possible, one or several or all of such possibilities can be obtained in admixture in the final products, depending to some degree upon the preparatory procedure. The more complex the possibilities, the more difficult it will be to elucidate the composition of the final product. However, the examples given above serve as an indication of the types of product obtainable at typical molar ratios of phosphite and phenol.

Proof of structure of these phosphites is at best a difficult problem. A preferred technique of characterization utilizes the oxidation of the phosphite to the phosphate, for example by the quantitative reaction with hydrogen peroxide, as described in US. 3,056,824, or with peracetic acid. the phosphates so obtained are stable products well suited to analytical methods such as vapor phase, thin layer and paper chromatography.

It is preferred in most cases to direct the reaction towards formation of a monomer, dimer or linear polymer rather than a cross-linked polymer. The latter polymers are formed under high temperatures and long reaction times from linear polymers containing free hydroxyl groups at intermediate points in the chain. Accordingly, the reaction should be arrested at the linear stage.

One method for ensuring monomer or linear polymer formation is by introducing a monovalent chain-stopper into the system. For example, by using an alkyl aryl phosphite as the starting phosphite, of which the aryl groups are more easily replaceable by the polycyclic phenol, an transesterification reactions, or by adding a monohydric alcohol with the polycyclic phenol when using triaryl phosphite as the starting phosphite, crosslinking will be kept to a minimum. Control of the phosphite-phenol ratio can also serve to prevent such polymer formation.

The transesterification reaction will proceed in the absence of a catalyst, but a fastener and more complete reaction is obtained if a catalyst is used. The catalyst employed ordinarily for transesterification is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, which can be added in the form of the metal or in the form of an alkaline compound, such as an alkaline oxide or hydroxide, or alkaline salt, such as the carbonate or hydride, or as the alcoholate. Sodium is quite satisfactory, and so are sodium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium 1'8 carbonate, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, potassium hydride, calcium hydride, the oxides and hydroxides of calcium, strontium and barium, and the alcoholates, usually of methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, or phenolates of all of these metals. Only a very small amount of the catalyst need be employed, for example, as little as from 0.01 to 2% by weight of the phosphite. Other catalysts which are especially useful for the reaction between aromatic phosphites and cycloaliphatic or aliphatic alcohols include strongly basic tertiary amines, e.g., triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, etc.

Alternative catalysts include certain acidic materials such as dihydrocarbon or dihaloaryl phosphites. Examples of such compounds are diphenyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, dimethyl phosphite, dioctadecyl phosphite, di-p-tolyl phosphite, di-o-tolyl phosphite, di-m-tolyl phosphite, di- 2,4-dimethylphenyl phosphite, di-p-butylphenyl phosphite dinaphthyl phosphite, di-p-chlorophenyl phosphite, di-obromophenyl phosphite, dineodecyl phosphite, and dineopentyl phosphite.

It is usually desirable that the reactants be anhydrous, although very small amounts of water can be tolerated in the system. If sodium or potassium or the oxides of calcium, barium and strontium are added, they will react with the water or alcohol present to form the corresponding hydroxide or alcoholates, and the latter compound will then serve as a catalyst. A volatile alcohol, such as ethanol, methanol or isopropyl alcohol, can be added as a solvent, if the reactants are incompatible.

The reactants, i.e., polycyclic polyhydric phenol, any polyhydric alcohol, monohydric alcohol or phenol, the phosphite, and the catalyst, are mixed, and the reaction mixture then heated at an elevated temperature, usually under reflux. A temperature within the range from about 20 to about C. can be employed. The alcohol or phenol corresponding to the alkyl or aryl group of the phosphite being substituted by the polycyclic phenol or the alcohol is liberated in the course of the reaction and, in order to drive the reaction to completion, it is usually desirable to continuously distill ofi the liberated alcohol or phenol. The reaction can be carried out for several hours time, and the alcohol or phenol then distilled out, in order to drive the reaction to completion. Vacuum distillation can be used if the phenol or alcohol has a high boiling point.

Exemplary polycyclic phenols used in preparing phosphites of the invention are 4,4'-methylenebis- (2-tertiary-butyl-G-methyl-phenol) 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl) propane,

methylenebis-(p-cresol) 4,4'-oxobis-phenol,

4,4-oxobis 3-methyl-6-isopropyl-phenol) 4,4'oxobis 3-methyl-phenol) 2,2-oxobis (4-dodecyl-phenol) 2,2'-oxobis (4-methyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol) 4,4'-n-butylidenebis- 2-t-butyl5 -methyl-phenol) 2,2'-methylene-bis- [4-methyl-6 1'-methylcyclohexyl) -phenol] 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis- (Z-tertiary-butyl-phenol) 2,6-bis- 2-hydroxy-3 '-t-butyl-5 '-methyl-benzyl) 4-methyl-phenol,

4,4'oxobis (naphthalene-1,5-diol) 1,2'-methylenebis(naphthalene-1,8-diol) 1,3 '-bis (naphthalene-2,5-diol) propane, and

2,2-butylidenebis (naphthalene-2,7-diol di (hydroxyphenyl ketone,

(3 -methyl-5 -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (4'- hydroxyphenyl methane,

2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-isopropylphenol) 2,2'-methylenebis 6-tert-butyl-4-chlorophenol) 3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -(4'- hydroxyphenyl methane,

(2-hydroxyphenyl) 3',5 -di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl methane,

19 2,2'-ethylidenebis 4-octylphenol) 4,4-isopropylidenebis (Z-tert-butyl-phenol 2,2'-isobutylidenebis (4-nonylphenol) 2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenoxy)-6-(noctylthio) -1,3 ,5 -triazine, 2,4,6-tris (4-hydroxy-3 -t-butylphenoxy) 1,3 S-triazine, 2,2-bis-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolo- (5,4-d)thiazole, 2,2'-bis(3-methyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-thiazolo- (5,4-d)-thiazole, 4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid octadecyl ester, cyclopentylidene 4,4'-bisphenol, 2-ethylbutylidene 4,4-bisphenol, 4,4'-cyclooctylidenebis (Z-cyclohexylphenol 5,5-thiodiethanolbis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy acetate), 1,4-butanediolbis (3 -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy acetate), pantaerythritoltetra(4hydroxyphenyl propionate), 2,4,4-trihydroxy benzophenone, bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-rnethylphenyl)sulfide, bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfoxide, bis(3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy benzyl sulfide, his(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-tert-butyl phenyl)sulfide, 4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid octadecyl thiopropionate ester, 1,1,3-tris(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane, 1,8-bis 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl-) n-octane, 2,2'-methylenebis [4- (3 -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) thiazole], 1-methyl-3 (3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) naphthalene, 2,2-(2-butene) bis-(4-methoxy-6-tert-butyl phenol) The following examples are illustrative of the preparatory procedure for the compounds of this invention:

Example 1 55 g. of 4,4-n-butylidene-bis(2-tertiary-butyl-5-methy1 phenol), 30 g. of triisooctyl phosphite and 0.48 g. of sodium hydroxide were heated at 120 to 125C. for three hours, forming a clear brown homogenous liquid. This was then heated at 140C. under reduced pressure, and the isooctanol which was distilled oil was recovered. The weight of isooctanol recovered showed that the reaction product was isooctyl bis[4(5'-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methyl phenyl butylidene)-5-methyl-2-t-butyl phenyl] phosphite.

Example 2 100 g. of 4,4'-benzylidene,bis(2-tertiary-butyl-5-methyl-phenol), 76 g. of cyclohexyl diphenyl phosphite and 0.48 g. of sodium hydroxide were heated at 120 to 125C. for three hours, forming a clear brown solution. This was then heated at 140C. under reduced pressure, and the phenol which was distilled E was recovered. The weight of phenol recovered showed that the reaction product was the monocyclohexyl monophenyl monophosphite of 4,4-benzylidene-bis(Z-t-butyl-S-methyl phenol).

Example 3 One mole of triphenyl phosphite (310 grams), 0.65 mole of 2,2-bis (-parahydroxphenyl) propane (148 grams) and 1.8 moles isooctanol (234 grams) were heated at 110 to 120C. for three hours, together with 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was then vacuum stripped at 170C. at the water pump to remove as much phenol as possible. 273 grams of phenol, 96% of the calculated quantity, was obtained, showing that the reaction product was isooctyl 2,2-bis(-parahydroxyphenyl) propane phosphite.

Example 4 One mole of triphenyl phosphite, 1.0 mole of 4,4'-nbutylidenebis(2-tertiary butyl 5 methylphenol), and 2 moles of tridecyl alcohol were reacted in two stages. The

20 triphenyl phosphite was first transesterified with the dihydricphenol in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide, reacting the ingredients at to C. for three hours, and vacuum-stripping the mixture to C. on the water pump. Next, the tridecyl alcohol was added, and the mixture again heated to 110 to 120 C. for three hours, and then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. The combined strippings gave 89% of the calculated quantity of phenol at the first stage, and 98% at the second stage. The reaction product was the di(tridecyl) monophosphite of 4,4-benzylidine-bis(Z-t-butyl- S-methyl phenol).

Example 5 1.1 moles of isooctyl diphenylphosphite and 0.4 mole of 4,4-oxobis phenol were heated together in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide at 110 to 120 C. for three hours. The reaction mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump, obtaining 53% of the calculated quantity of phenol. The reaction product was the mono(isooctyl) mono (phenyl) monophosphite of 4,4'-oxobis phenol.

Example 6 1.1 moles of triphenyl phosphite, 1.55 moles of Z-ethylhexanol and 0.33 mole of 2,2-methylene-bis [-4-methyl- 6-(1'-methylcyclohexyl) phenol] were reacted together in two stages. First, the triphenyl phosphite and Z-ethylhexanol were reacted at 110 to 120 C. for three hours in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide, and this mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. 98% of the calculated quantity of phenol was recovered. Next, the 2,2'-methylenebis[-4-methyl-6- l'(-methylcyclohexyl) phenol] was added, and the reaction mixture again heated at 110 to 120 C. for three hours, and vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. 83% of the calculated phenol was recovered.

Example 7 2 moles of 2,2-bis-(parahydroxy phenyl)propane and 1 mole of decyl diphenyl phosphite were heated at 110 to 120 C. for three hours, together with 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide The reaction mixture was vacuum stripped to 170 C. with a water pump to remove as much phenol as possible. 98% of the calculated quantity of phenol was recovered, showing that the reaction product was di(2,2-bis- (parahydroxy phenyl) propane decyl phosphite.

Example 8 0.2 mole of octyl diphenyl phosphite was reacted with 0.105 mole of 4,4-methylene-bis(Z-t-butyl-6-methyl phenol) and heated in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide at 110 C. to 120 C. for three hours. The reaction mixture was then vacuum stripped with a water pump to 170 C. until 65% octylphenol was collected.

Example 9 One mole of triphenyl phosphite, 0.5 mole of 4,4'- butylidenebis (Z-tertiary-butyl-S-methylphenol) and two moles of tridecyl alcohol were reacted in two stages. The triphenyl phosphite was first transesterified with the hisphenol in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide, reacting the ingredients at 110 to 120 C. for three hours, and vacuum stripping the mixture to 170 C. on the water pump. Next, the tridecyl alcohol was added, and the mixture again heated to 110 to 120 C. for three hours, and then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. The combined distillate gave 89% of the calculated quantity of phenol at the first stage, and 98% at the second stage. The reaction product was tetra-tridecyl (4,4' nbutylidene-bis (-2-tertiary-butyl-5-methyl-phenyl)) diphosphite, D =0.931, n =l.4910, 4.48% trivalent phosphorus (analyzed according to the method set forth in Patent No. 3,056,824).

21 Example 1.1 moles of triisooctyl phosphite and 0.4 mole of 4,4-

methylenebis(2 tertiary butyl 5 methyl phenol) were heated together in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide at 110 to 120 C. for three hours. The reaction mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump, obtaining 93% of the calculated quantity of isooctanol. The reaction product was then distilled in a wiped-film molecular still and separated into a more volatile fraction consisting mostly of tri-isooctyl phosphite, and a less volatile fraction consisting mostly of tetra isooctyl 4,4'-methylenebis-(Z-t-butyl 5 methylphenyl) di-phosphite.

Example 11 1.1 moles of triphenyl phosphite, 0.85 mole of 2-ethylhexanol and 1.1 mole of 2,2'-methylene bis-(-4-methyl- 6-1'-methy1 cyclohexyl phenol) were reacted together in two stages. First, the triphenyl phosphite and 2-ethylhexanol were reacted at 110 to 120 C. for three hours in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide, and this mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. 98% of the calculated quantity of phenol was recovered. Next, the 2,2'-methylene bis-(-4-methyl- 6-1'-methylcyclohexyl phenol) was added, and the reaction mixture again heated at 110 to 120 C. for three hours, and vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water pump. 83% of the calculated phenol was recovered. The reaction product was 2-ethylhexyl 2,2-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-1-methylvyclohexyl phenyl) polyphosphite, having a molecular weight of 1600x160 (ebullioscopic in benzene).

Example 12 three hours, and vacuum stripped to 170. C. at the, water pump. 83% of the calculated phenol was recovered. The reaction product was phenyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,2-methylene-bis (4-methyl-6-1'-methylcyclohexyl phenyl) polyphosphite, containing one 2-ethylhexyl group for every three phosphite groups and having a molecular weight of 1600:160 (ebullioscopic in benzene).

Example 13 Triphenyl phosphite (103 g., 0.33 mole) was transesterified with isooctanol (2 hours at 110-120) and with 4,4'-isopropylidenebisphenol (3 hours at 120-140), various proportions of reagents being used, as noted in Table A below. At the end of the reaction, the mixtures of isooctyl 4,4-isopropylidenebisphenyl polyphosphites were vacuum-distilled to 150 to remove phenol and isooctanol (if any). All reaction products were liquid. Proportions and properties are given in Table A.

1 TABLE A Weight (grams) Composition A B C D 'Iriphenyl phosphite 103 103 103 103 Isooctanol 56 65 73 78 4,4isopropylidene-bisphenol 64. 5 57 53 45. 5 Sodium 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 PRODUCT:

Phenol distilled 87 86 87 88 Isooctanol distilled. None None 1. 2 3. 4 Density C 1. 027 1. 038 1. 023 1.011 m; 1. 5445 1. 5331 1. 5233 1. 5133 22 Example 14 Hexa-tridecyl butane-1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-5' t-butylphenyl-4-) triphosphite was prepared from 91.7 g. (0.167 mole) 1,1,3-tris (2'-methyl-4-hydroxy-5't-butylphenyDbutane, 155 g. (0.5 mole) triphenyl phosphite, 200 g. (1 mole) tridecyl alcohol (a commercial mixture of branched-chain, primary thirteen carbon alcohols), and 1 g. anhydrous potassium carbonate. The triphenyl phosphite was transesterified with the trihydric phenol, vacuum stripped, the alcohol added, and the mixture heated and stripped again. The stripping gave 89% of the calculated quantity of phenol at the first stage and 98% at the second stage. The product analyzed 4.35% trivalent phosphorus, D =0.940, n =1.4945.

Example 15 2,6-bis (2'-hydroxy-3'-,5-dinonylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol was prepared from 5 moles nonyl phenol, 10 moles dinonylphenol, 10 moles paraformaldehyde, and 8.3 g. 0.17% oxalic acid catalyst. The reactants and catalysts were dissolved in toluene and refluxed for 24 hours. The catalyst was neutralized with sodium carbonate, the toluene removed, and the trisphenol so obtained used directly in the preparation of the phosphite.

One mole (936 g.) of the trisphenol, 1.1 mole isooctyl diphenyl phosphite, and 1.2 g. sodium hydroxide were heated 3 hours at -120 C. and stripped to 150 C. Phenol was stripped amounting to 93% of the calculated quantity. The product was isooctyl-[2,6-bis(2'-hydroxy- 3,5'-dinonylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenyl] polyphosphite,

Example 16 Tetra-tridecyl 4,4'-=isopropylidenebisphenyl diphosphite, D -=0.953, n =l.4853, was prepared from 0.5 mole 4,4'-isopropylidene' bis(phenol) 1 mole triphenyl phosphite, 2 moles tridecyl alcohol, and sodium metal as catalyst in a single tranesterification step. Phenol stripped was 89% of the calculated quantity.

butyl-S-methylphenol), 1860 g. n-dodecanol, and 4 g.

sodium hydroxide. Phenol stripped was 90.4% of the calculated quantity and the product analyzed 4.24% trivalent phosphorus.

Example 19 Di(4,4'-n-butylidenebis-(2-t-butyl-5-methyl phenol) tri-n-dodecyl diphosphite, D =0.967, n =l.4985, was prepared from 2 moles of triphenyl phosphite, 3 moles0f n-dodecyl alcohol, 2 moles of 4,4'-n-butylidenbis (2 tbutyI-S-methylphenol) and 4 grams sodium hydroxide. The reactants were heated and mixed at to C. for approximately 5 hours and then vacuumstripped to C. to remove phenol.

Example 20 Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 54 grams (0.5 mole) was mixed with 159 grams (0.5 mole) butyldicresyl phosphite and 0.5 grams sodium hydroxide and heated for 3 hours at 110 C. The reaction product was then vacuum distilled under a water pump to C. and the cresol removed was 90% of the calculated quantity. The product was further reacted with 57 grams (0.25 mole) 4,4-isopropylidene bisphenol for 5 hours at 120 C. The re- 23 action product was vacuum distilled under a water pump to 190 C. The product analyzed 7.6% trivalent phosphorus.

Example 21 Example 22 Cyclooctanol 128 grams (1 mole) was transesterified with 234 grams (1 mole) diphenyl phosphite and 90 grams of phenol was distilled otf. The product was reacted with 114 grams (0.5 mole) 4,4'-isopropylidenc bisphenol and 92% of the calculated quantity of phenol was recovered. The product was isopropylidene bisphenyl dicyclooetyl diacid phosphite.

Example 23 100 grams of the tridecyl 4,4'-butylidene bis-(-2-tertbutyl-S-rnethyl phenyl) phosphite of Example 4 plus 7 grams phosphorous acid were warmed at 80 C. for 1 hour forming the butylidene bis-(Z-tert-butyl-S-methyl phenyl) tridecyl acid phosphite.

Examples 24 through 27 Various mixed aliphatic-aromatic polyphosphites were formed by transesterifying tricresyl phosphite and a mixture of tricresyl phosphite and octyl dicresyl phosphite with 4,4'-isopropylidene bisphenol in the proportions set forth in the table below. The transesterification was carried out for 3 hours at 130 C. At the end. of the reaction, the reaction mixture was vacuum distilled to 190 C. to remove 90% of the calculated quantity of the cresol formed during the transesterification reaction. All of the 24 phite. The total distillate was 236 grams. The product was H ammwmwwG-h-Qo-r oiling-t),

In accordance with the invention, there are also provided synthetic resin compositions having an improved resistance to deterioration containing organic phosphites having attached to each phosphite group at least one polycyclic aromatic group having the formula:

wherein Y is a polyvalent linking group selected from the group consisting of oxygen; sulfur; aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon groups attached to each Ar group through a carbon atom not a member of an aromatic ring; oxyhydrocarbon; thiohydrocarbon; heterocyclic; carbonyl; sulfinyl; and sulfonyl groups.

Ar is a phenolic nucleus which can be a phenyl or a polycarbocyclic group having condensed or separate phenyl rings; each Ar group is either connected through an oxygen atom to a phosphite group or contains a free phenolic hydroxyl group or both; p is a number, one or greater, and preferably from one to four.

Preferably Y is other than a thiocther sulfide (S) wherein at is one or more, and there is attached to a phosphite group in the molecule at least one radical selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic groups; in this case the phosphites are the same as those described previously.

The remaining groups of the phosphite are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent and bivalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic groups having from one to about thirty carbon atoms, all of the groups being attached to phosphorus reaction products were liquid. through oxygen.

Examples Moles Reaetants Control B Trlcrcsyl phosphite 2-ethylhexyl dieresyl phosphite. 2 4 3 2 1 Mthylhexyl dlcresyl phosphite 1 1 1 1 4,4-lsopropylldene bisphenol (Blsphenol A) l 4 3 2 1 Product Dimer Pentamer Tetramer Trlmer Dimer Examples 28 through 30 0.2 mole of octyl diphenyl phosphite was mixed with 0.105 mole of the bicyclic phenol shown in the table below and heated in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide at 110-C. to 120 C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. with a water pump, obtaining the percentage of the calculated quantity of phenol set forth in the table below. The product was a bisphenyl octyl phenyl diphosphite.

grams), 4,4'-butylidenebis(2-t-butyl-5-methyl phenol) (1 mole=382 grams) and potassium phenolate catalyst, 5 grams, were heated three hours at 120-130 C. The mixture was then stripped through a wiped-film still, to remove phenol and unreacted dibutyl monophenyl phos- The invention is applicable to any halogen-containing resin, such as polyvinyl chloride resin. The term polyvinyl chloride as used herein is inclusive of any polymer formed at least in part of the recurring group:

and having a chlorine content in excess of 40%. In this group, the X groups can each be either hydrogen or chlorine. In polyvinyl chloride homopolymers, each of the X groups is hydrogen. Thus, the term includes not only polyvinyl chloride homopolymers, but also after-chlorinated polyvinyl chlorides as a class, for example, those disclosed in British Patent No. 893,288, and also copolymers of vinyl chloride in a major proportion and other copolymerizable monomers in a minor proportion, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride with maleic or fumaric acids or esters, and copolymers of vinyl chloride with styrene, propylene, or ethylene. The invention also is applicable to mixtures of polyvinyl chloride in a major proportion with a minor proportion of other synthetic resins such as chlorinated polyethylene or a copolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.

The invention is of particular application to the stabilization of rigid polyvinyl chloride resin compositions, that is, resin compositions which are formulated to withstand high processing temperatures, of the order of 375 F. and higher. However, the stabilizer compositions of the invention can be used with plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin compositions of conventional formulation where resistance to heat distortion is not a requisite. Conventional plasticizers well known to those skilled in the art can be employed such as, for example, dioctyl phthalate, octyl diphenyl phosphate and epoxidized soybean oil.

Particularly useful plasticizers are the epoxy higher esters having from 22 to 150 carbon atoms. Such esters will initially have had unsaturation in the alcohol or acid portion of the molecule, which is taken up by the formation of the epoxy group.

Typical unsaturated acids are acrylic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, erucic, n'cinoleic and brassidic acids, and these may be sterified with organic monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, the total number of carbon atoms. of the acid and the alcohol being within the range stated. Typical monohydric alcohols include butyl alcohol, 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isooctyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol. The octyl alcohols are preferred. Typical polyhydric alcohols include pentaerythritol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol,-

neopentyl glycol, ricinoleyl alcohol, erythritol, mannitol.

and sorbitol. Glycerine is preferred. These alcohols may be fully or partially esterified with the epoxidized acid. Also useful are the epoxidized mixtures of higher fatty acid esters found in naturally-occuring oils such as epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized olive oil, epoxidized cottonseed oil, epoxidized tall oil fatty acid esters, epoxidized coconut oil and epoxidized tallow. Of these, epoxidized soybean oil is preferred.

The alcohol can contain the epoxy group and have a long or short chain, and the acid can have a short or long" chain, such as epoxystearyl acetate, epoxystearyl stearate, glycidyl stearate, and polymerized glycidyl methacrylate.

The organic phosphites of the invention can, if desired, be employed in conjunction with other stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride resins, although, in most cases, the stabilization imparted by the organic phosphite will be suflicient, since it is better than a mixture of phosphite and a phenol. In some cases, however, for particular end uses, special stabilization effects may be desired.

As supplemental stabilizers, there can be employed metal salt stabilizers of the type described in the Leistner et al. Patent Nos. 2,564,646 and 2,716,092 and other patents in the field. The metal salt stabilizer is a salt of a polyvalent metal and an organic acid having from six to twenty carbon atoms. The acid should be monocarboxylic, and it should not contain nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic and oxygen-containing heterocyclic monocarboxylic acids are operative, as a class. The acids may be substituted, if desired, with groups such as halogen, sulphur, and hydroxyl. The oxygen-containing heterocyclic acids include oxygen and carbon in the ring structure, of which alkyl-substituted furoic acids are exemplary. As exemplary of the acids there can/be mentioned the following: caproic' acid,capric acid, 2-ethyl hexoic acid, lauric acid, chlorocaproic acid, hydroxy'" capric acid, stearic acid, hydroxy stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, dodecyl thioether propionic acid (C H S(CH -COOH), hexahydrobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, isobutyl benzoic acid, monoethyl ester of phthalic acid, ethyl benzoic acid, isopropyl benzoic acid, ricinoleic acid, p-t-butylbenzoic acid, n-hexyl benzoic acid, salicyclic acid, naphthoic acid, l-naphthalene acetic acid, orthobenzoyl benzoic acid, naphthenic acids derived from petroleum, abietic acid, dihydroabietic acid, methyl furoic acid, and half-esters of dicarboxylic acids with alcohols and polyols, such as monooctyl maleate half-esters. These are used in the form of their metal salts, particularly the alkaline earth metal salts, such as magnesium, barium, strontium and calcium, and the zinc, cadmium, lead and tin salts. Where these salts are not known, they are made by the usual types of reactions, such as by mixing the acid, acid chloride or anhydride with the corresponding oxide or hydroxide of the metal in a liquid solvent, and heating, it necessary, until salt formation is complete. The barium, cadmium and zinc compounds are preferred.

Also effective stabilizers are organic compounds containing at least one epoxy group. These compounds can be used to supplement the essential stabilizers. The amount can range from 0 to parts by weight per 100 parts: of resin, depending upon the elfect desired, for many epoxy compounds are also plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride resins, as will be noted in the discussion which follows.

Any epoxy compound can be used. The compounds can be aliphatic or cycloaliphatic in character, but aromatic, heterocyclic, and alicyclic groups can also be present. The compounds have from 10 to carbon atoms. The longer chain aliphatic compounds of 22 carbon atoms and more are also plasticizers. Typical epoxy compounds that are not plasticizers are epoxy carboxylic acids such as epoxy stearic acid, glycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols and phenols, such as triglycidyl glycerine, diglycidyl ether of diethylene glycol, glycidyl epoxy stearyl ether, 1,4-bis(2,3- epoxypropoxy) benzene, 4,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy) diphenyl ether, l,8-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy) octane, 1,4bis- (2,3-epoxypropoxy) cyclohexane, and 1,3-bis(4,5-epoxy pentoxy) S-chlorobenzene, the epoxy polyethers of polyhydric phenols, obtained by reacting a polyhydric phenol with a halogen-containing epoxide or dihalohydrin, such as the reaction products of resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, methyl resorcinol or polynuclear phenols such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphenol A), 2,2- bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) butane, 4,4 dihydroxy-benzophenone and 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene with halogencontaining epoxides such as 3-chloro-1,2-epoxybutane, 3-chloro-1,2-epoxyoctane, and epichlorhydrin. Typical epoxy compounds that combine stabilizing with plasticizing action are listed above under plasticizers.

organic group linked to tin by means of carbon in not more than three of the tin valences. The remaining tin valences can be taken by groups linked to tin by sulfur or by oxygen.

Thus, the organotin moiety has the structure:

| I! 1 SnC-R 1 L1 where R is hydrogen or an organic radical and n has a value from 1 to 3.

The mercapto acid moiety has at least one mercapto group SH or residue thereof and at least one carboxylic acid radical COOM, wherein M can be hydrogen, an esterifying radical R or a salt-forming cation. Thus, this moiety has the structure:

in which 2 is the remainder of the molecule and n and n are the number of mercapto residues and carboxylic acid residues, respectively, and will usually be a number from 1 to 10. The free valences of the mercapto group and carboxylic acid group are taken with any type of radical reactive with mercapto and carboxylic acid groups, respectively, such as the tin atom of an organotin moiety, or hydrogen or an alcohol residue or salt-forming cation.

Thus, the mercapto acid moiety can be linked to tin in an organotin compound containing the organotin moiety. It could be present therein as the organotin salt through the carboxy linkage and the mercapto group or through only one or the other of them. The organotin compound can also include mercapto acid groups linked to tin through carbon, and these groups also function as mercapto acid moieties in accordance with the invenorganic groups containing from one to about thirty carbon atoms linked to the tin through carbon or oxygen or sulfur, of which at least one and not more than three per tin atom is linked to tin through carbon, and m is an integer ranging from zero to about fifteen. Optionaltion. 5 ly, one or more organic groups can be mercapto acid The organotin compounds useful in this combination groups linked to tin through the sulfur of the mercapto can be defined by the formula: group or the carboxylic acid group or carbon.

The preferred mcrcapto acids are the saturated di- 10 basic acids, as well as the monohydric and polyhydric R,-sn]X-sn|m-R, alcohol half or mono esters thereof. Included in this 8 preferred group are mono-esters of these acids with, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, wherein X is oxygen, sulfur or a bivalent linking radcyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and the ical, linked to tin through oxygen, sulfur or carbon, and 15 ethyl ether of ethylene glycol. containing from one to about ten carbon atoms, and the The following organotin compounds are typical of Rs are oxide, hydroxide OH (stannonic acid), or those coming within the invention:

1. CH; O 11 CHz-SD.OC-CuHzl 2. H'CIHQ CzHv-Sn-I-O--fi-CH3?H-C-O-C3Huh SEO * C re t:

sculiu A total of from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the stabilizers can be used for each 100 parts by weight of the resin. More stabilizer composition can be used, but usually no better results are obtained, and therefore such amounts are uneconomical and wasteful. The proportion of phosphite stabilizers added can be from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight but is preferably from 0.5 to 5 parts.

A small amount, usually not more than 1.5%, of a parting agent, also can be included. Typical parting agents are the higher aliphatic acids having from twelve to twenty-four carbon atoms, such as stearic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid, mineral lubricating oils, polyvinyl stearate, polyethylene, paraffin wax and oxidized Montan wax derivatives.

The preparation of the stabilized composition is easily accomplished by conventional procedures. The selected stabilizer combination ordinarily is mixed with the plasticizer, and this then is blended with the polyvinyl chloride resin, using, for'instance, plastic mixing rollers, at a temperature at which the mix is fluid and thorugh blending facilitated, milling the plasticizer and stabilizer with the resin on a 2-roll mill at from 250 to 350 F. for a time sufficient to form a homogeneous sheet, five minutes, usually. After the mass is uniform, it is sheeted off in the usual way.

31 The following examples in the opinion of the inventors represent preferred embodiments of polyvinyl chloride resin compositions of their invention:

TABLE II Phosphlte of Example IX: Tet- Phosphite of ratrideeyl (4,4'n- Example III: Example I butylidene-bis-(Z- mam-4,4-

Fit? Tri henyl Ki i?) fi-" t i e g me on 1sen 1 Sefles of p yg' nlyl chlotrlllde hlp op y q f (minutes) pho phite dipho sphite y polyphos phite ations was prepare avlng e to owing composition. Initial Colorless" Colorless. Plastic composition: Parts by wt. i3 32; 231, Y j: Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 $3 4 4 4 g 3 yl phthalate 45 75:1: 531.183: D3: Isooctyl epoxy stearate 5 8 3 Orange is Ph phi as noted in T le I 3 12031:;..-. ..$13133.....:::ii.;a-;.;;e;.1:::;::: oran tibmwn. g i g f i g ig z f ig It is apparent from the above results that the phos- T e g w 2 i an 3 6 phites of the invention provided superior long term staq i' i1 fi g bility and better color after two hours of heating at mi L an 5 5 fi 350 F. These results are particularly outstanding beg ia g or g f 3 cause polyvinyl chloride resin compositions containing t e i i g g a o tri-Z-ethylhexyl phosphate and like phosphate plasticizers mmu e m.erva as repor e m a e e are particularly difiicult to stabilize.

Phosphite D was prepared as follows; 1.1 moles of isooctyl diphenylphosphite and 0.4 mole Example III of 4,4 thiobis(2-tertiary butyl-S-rnethyl-phenol) were heated together in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium a z g gg i was prepared having the folhydroxide at 110 to 120 C. for three hours. The reaction g omp mixture was then vacuum stripped to 170 C. at the water Plastic composition: Parts by wt. pump, obtaining 53%% of the calculated quantity of Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 phenol. The reaction product was the mono(isooctyl) Dioctyl phthalate 50 mono(phenyl) monophosphite of 4,4-thiobis(2-t-butyl- Barium cadmium laurate 2 S-methyl phenol). Phosphite 'as noted in Table III 1 TABLE I A B C E F Phosphite oi Phosphlte of Example XII: Example IX: phenyl 2-ethyltetra-trldecyl hexyl 2,2- Phosphite of 4,4n-butyli- Isooctyl phenyl methylene-bis Example III: dene-bis (Z-ter- 4,4'-tl1iobis (2- (4-methyl 6-1 is00ctyl-4,4- Isooetyl tiary butyl-5- tertiary butyl-5- methyl-cycloisopropylidene- Triphenyl dtphenyl methyl phenyl) methyl phenyl) hexylphenyl) bis-phenyl phosphlte phosphite dlphosphite phosphite polyphosphlte phosphlte Time 01 Heating (minutes):

Initia Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless. 15.. Yellow Yellow Y 11 60 Orange-brow Deep orange. 90 Red-browm Orange-brown 120- Red-brown" 0... Do. ed brown Red brown.

It is apparent from the above results that the phosphites of the invention provided superior long term stability and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the better color after 3 /2 hours of heating at 350 F. The fact that they were able to provide better long-term heat stability for as much as 3 /2 hours is quite remarkable.

Example II A series of formulations was prepared having the following composition:

Plastic composition: Parts by wt. Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 Tri-Z-ethylhexyl phosphate 40 Epoxy soybean oil 5 Zine stearate 0.1 Phosphite as noted in Table II 3 The dioctyl phthalate, barium cadmium laurate and polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a 2-roll mill up to 350 F., sheeted off, and samples then heated in an oven at 350 F. to test them for heat stability. The total heating time was four hours. The discoloration was noted at 15 minute intervals, and is reported in Table III below.

Phosphite N was prepared as follows:

Triphenyl phosphite (93 grams, 0.3 mole), 61.5 grams (0.27 mole) 2,2-isopropylidenebispheno1, and 0.1 gram sodium metal were heated 4 hours at 135 F during this time the 2,2'-isopropylidenebisphenol gradually dissolved. During subsequent stripping under reduced pressure the reaction mixture became much more viscous. The distillate consisted of phenol and weighed 48 grams (about of the quantity equivalent to reaction of both hydroxyls of the bisphenol). After cooling to room temperature the product was a gummy solid, identified as phenyl 2,2-isopropylidenebisphenyl polyphosphite.

TABLE III I K L M N O Phosphlte D of Phosphite oi Phosphite of Example I: phenyl- Example XII: Example 9: tetra the monofisooetyl) phenyl 2-ethyltridecyl (4,4nmono(phenyl) hexyl 2,2'-methyl- Phosphite of butylidene-bismonophosphite oi ene-bis(4-methyl Example III: iso- (2-tertiary-butyl- 4,4-thiobis (2-t- 61methyl-cyclo- Phenyl-4,4-isooctyl-4,4-isopro- 'lriphenyl o-methyl phenyD) butyl-5-methyl hexyl phenyl) propylidene-bis pylldene-bis phosphite diphosphlte phenol polyphosphite phenyl-phosphite phenyl phosphite Time of heating:

Initial Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless. 15... Very pale yellow Very pale yellow. Very pale yellow-. Very pale yellow- Very pale yellow.. 30 do do do o Do. 45.-. -dodo Do. 60... .do do Do. 75.-- .do. Pale yellow- Do. 90.-- Pale yellowdo Pale yellow. 105.. do Do. 120 0..... Do. 135.- Yell Pale yellow- Yellow. 165 Yeldlow with brown Yellow do do do Do.

e ges. a 180 .do do do do Ambe Do. 195 Dark yellow with do do Yellow with slight do D0.

black edges. brown edges. 210 Blank do do Yellow with brown do Do.

I e ges. 225 d Yellow with Yellow with brown Amber with slightly Yellow with brown sliightly brown edges. black edges. edges. e ges. 240 Yellow with brown Yellow with brown Yellow with Amber with black Do.

edges. edges. black edges. edges.

It is apparent from the above results that the phosphites hours at 350 F. to determine heat stability. The discoloration was noted, and is reported in Table IV below.

of the invention provided superior long term stability TABLE IV Q P Phosphite D of Ex- R Phosphite Example I: tetra the Phosphlte of Ex- S ample IX: tetra trimono (isooctyl) ample XII: phenyl- Phosphite oi deeyl-4,4'n-butylimono(phenyl) Z-ethylhexyl 2,2- Example III: dene-bis-(Z-tertiary monophosphlte oi methylene-bis-(4- isooctyl-4,4- butyl-fi-methyl 4,4-thlobis(2-tmethyl-6,1-methyl isopropylipheuyl) diphosbutyl--methyl cyclohexylphenyl) denebispheuyl phite phenol) polyphosphite phosphlte Time of heating (minutes):

I Initial- Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless.

- Very pale yellow..- Very pale yellow. (in (in do ..do. Pale yellow- ..do

and better color after two to four hours of heating at 350 F. The fact that they are able to provide better long-term heatstability .ior as much as four hours is quite .remarkable. 1.

v Example IV I A ser'ies of formulations was prepared having the 'following composition:

Parts by wt.

Plastic composition:

Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate '25 i Isooctyl epoxy stearate 10 Barium cadmium laurate 2 vPhosphite as noted in Table IV 1 The 2 -ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, barium cadmium laurate, epoxy isooctyl stearate and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a 2-roll mill up to 350911, sheeted oil, and samples then heated in an oven for four Plastic composition: Parts by wt. Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 'Diisooctyl phthalate 45 Isooctyl epoxy stearate 5 Phosphites as" noted in Table 1 3 The diisooctyl-phthalate, isooctyl epoxy stearate and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a 2- roll mill up to 350 F., and sheeted oil, and samples then were heated in an oven at 350 F. for 3 /2 hours to test 35 heat stability. The discoloration was noted at to minute intervals, as reported in Table VI below.

It is apparent from the above results that the phosphites of the invention containing polycyclic phenol groups in TABLE VI A B C D E F Phosphite oi Phosphite of. Phosphite D of Example 3: Example 4: Example I: the 4,4-bis-(para- 4,4n-butylidene monoflsooetyl) V hydroxyphenbis(2-tertiary mono(phenyl) Time of heating Trlphenyl Isooctyl diphenyl yl) propane butyl-5-methyl mono-phosphite Phosphlte of (minutes) phosphite phosphite isooetyl phosphenol) the diof 4,4'thiobis(2-t- Example 6:

phite (tridecyl)rnonobutyl-5-methyl phosphite of phenol) 4,4-benzylldenebis(2-t-butyl-5- methyl phenol) Initial Colorless Colorless Colorless. 15 Yellow Yellow Yellow 60 Orange-brown Deep orange Amber ge 90-- Red-hrown.. orange brownnu Orange. 120- do Red-brown do d D 135 Dark brown Dark brown 150-. do .do Do. 180.-- do "do Orange-brown Do. 210.... Red brown.... Red brown...-.. Red brown Red brown.

It is apparent from the above results that the phosphites of the invention containing polycyclic phenol groups in addition to the phosphite nucleus provided superior long term stability and better color after 3 /2 hours of heating at 350 C. The fact that they were able to provirle better long-term heat stability for as much as 3 /2 hours is quite remarkable.

Example VII A series of formulations was prepared having the fol lowing composition:

Plastic composition: Parts by wt. Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 Tri-Z-ethylhexyl phosphate 40 Epoxy soybean oil 5 Zinc stearate 0.1 Phosphite as noted in Table H 3 The tri-Z-ethylhexyl phosphate, epoxy soybean oil, zinc stearate and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a two-roll mill up to 350 F., sheeted off, and samples heated in an oven at 350 F. for two hours to test heat stability. The discoloration was noted at 15 minute intervals, and is reported in Table VII below.

addition to the phosphite nucleus provided superior long term stability and better color after two hours of heating at 350 F. These results are particularly outstanding because polyvinyl chloride resin compositions containing tri- 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and like phosphate plasticizers are particularly diflicult to stabilize.

Example VIII A series of formulations was prepared having the following composition:

Plastic composition: Parts by wt. Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride Dioctyl phthalate 50 Barium cadmium laurate 2 Phosphite as noted in Table VIII The dioctyl phthalate, barium cadmium laurate and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a tworoll mill up to 350 F., sheeted off, and samples then heated in an oven at 350 F. to testthem for heat stability. The total heating time was four hours. The discoloration was noted at 15 minute intervals, and is reported in Table VIII below.

Phosphite O was prepared as follows: 2-ethylhexyl dioctylphenyl phosphite (0.26 m.), was transesterified with 4,4'thio bis(2-tertiary-butyl-S-methylphenol (0.16 m.), heating them together in the presence of 0.5 gram of sodium hydroxide at to C. for three hours. The reaction mixture was vacuum stripped to C. at the water pump, recovering octylphenol and some Z-ethylhexanol. The reaction product was the mon0(2-ethylhexyl) mono(octylphenyl) monophosphite of 4,4-thiobis (Z-t-butyl-S-methyl phenol).

TABLE VIII J K L M N O P Phosphite of Phosphite D of Example IV: Example I: The mono(2- The dl(trl- The mono(isoethylhexyl) decyl) monooctyl) mono mono(octylphosphite of Phosphite of (phenyl) phenyl) montr Tri(2,2'-bis 4,4-benzyl- Example 111: monophosphosphite oi (-parahydrxy idene-bis(2- Isooctyl 4,4-bls phlte of 4,4- 4,4-thiobis- Time oi phenyl) t-butyl-- (parahydroxy thiobis(2-t- (2t-butyl-5 heating Trlphenyl propane) methyl phenyl probutyl-S-methyl methyl Phosphite of (minutes) phosphite phosphite phenol) pane phosphite phenol) phenol) Example VI Initial Colorless; Colorless Colorless Col0rle'ss' Colorless Colorless Colorless. V ery pale d do Pale ye1low .do Pale yellow........do........ Pale yellow d Yellow do Amber do do o do D0.

195 Dark yellow do do do do Amber with Yellow with with black brown slight brown edges. edges. edges.

210 Blackdo do do do do Yellow with Yellow with brown edges.

225 Amber with .....do.. Yellowwitlrslightly Amber with Do.

.. slightly brown brown black black edges. edges. edges. edges.

240 Amber with Yellow with do Yellow with Black Yellow with black edges. brown W brown black edges.

. edges. edges.

It is apparent from the above results that the phosphites of the invention containing polycyclic phenol groups in hours at 350 F. to determine heat stability. The discoloration was noted, and is reported in Table IX below.

TABLE IX Q R S '1 Phosphite D of Phosphite of Example 1: Example IV: The mono (isooctyl) V p The di(tridecyl) mono (phenyl) 1 monophoshite of monophosphlte of Time of Tri(4,4'-bls(para- 4,4-benzylidene-bls- 4,4-thlobls(2-theating hydroxy phenyl) (2-t-butyl-5-methyl butyl-5-methyl Phosphite of (minutes) propane pho'sphite phenol) phenol) Example VI Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless.

Y yellow'.- Very pale yellow-. Very pale yellow Very pale yellow.

rin do rin D0, (in (in D0, Pale yellow ..do Do. do Do. Do. Yellow. Do. Do. Amber. Do. Do. Do. Orange. (1 Do. 24 ..do do o Do.

addition to the phosphite nucleus provided superior long term stability and better color after two to four hours of heating at 350 F. The fact that they. are able to provide better long-term heat stability for as muchas four hours is quiteremarkable.

Example IX A series of formulations was prepared having the following composition:

Plastic composition:

Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride 100 Z-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate v Isooctyl epoxy stearate 1O Barium cadmium laurate 2 Phosphite as noted in Table 1X 1 The Z-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, barium cadmium laurate, epoxy isooctyl stearate and phosphite were mixed together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. The mixture was heated on a 2-roll mill up to 350 F., sheeted off, and samples then heated in an oven for four Parts by wt- It is apparent from the above results thatthe phosphites of the invention containing polycyclic phenol groups with free phenolic hydroxyl groups in addition to the hosphite nucleus provided superior long-term stability n er o o aim. tw to .t rho rs of. e ng, a 350 F. The fact that they are able to provide better Composition: Parts by wt. Homopolymer of polyvinyl chloride Phosphate plasticizer (TOF) (Tri 2-Ethylhexyl phosphate) Barium cadmium laurate 2 (Drapex 6.8) Epoxidized soy bean oil 5 Phosphite ester as noted in Table X 3 The phosphite ester, phosphate plasticizer, the metal below. After mixing the resin on a two-roll mill, the soaps and the Drapex 6.8 epoxy soybean oil were mixed sheets were molded at 350 C. for five minutes at high together and then blended with the polyvinyl chloride. pressure to form pressed-polished sheets. The color is The mixture was heated on a two-roll mill up to 350 F. noted in Table XII. Control C was prepared following to test heat stability. The discoloration was noted at the procedure of Example 8, but substituting 4,4'-bis(2- minute intervals throughout the test as reported in Table X below.

TABLE X U Control A V W X Y Z Phosphite of Time of Heating Trieresyl phos- Control B: (Ex- Phosphite oi Phosphit-e oi Phosphlte of Phosphite of (minutes) phite 3 parts amples 24 to 27) Example 24 Example 25 Example 26 Example 27 Colorless Colorless Colorless. Colorless.

Very light yellow Very light yellow..- Very light yellow. ellow Yellow Yellow.

Do. Do. ..do Do. Light orange Do. Orange Charred. Black.............. Black.

As shown by the above results, the phosphites contert-butyl-fi-methyl-phenol); 50% of the theoretical taining the groups ArY-Ar attached to each phosphite amount of phenol was stripped out.

TABLE XII Color 0! Pressed- Polished Phosphite Sheet Control A.-.. Tricresylphosphlte... Colorless.

DD"..- Control B (Examples 24 to 27) transesterlfieation Do.

product of tricresyl phosphlte and 4,4-isopropylldene bisphenol.

EE ControlC Transesterification product of octyl Yellow.

. phenyl phosphlte and 4,4-bis(2- tert-butyl-fi-methyl-phenol).

FF Phosphite of Example 8 Transesterification product of ootyl Colorless.

diphenyl phosphite and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-tbutyl-6methyl-phenol).

GG-.- Phosphlte of Example 28.-.. Transesterlficatlon product of octyl Do.

dipherllyl phosphite and oxodipheno HH. Phosphite of Example 30...- Transesterlficatlon product of octyl Do.

dlphenyl phosphite and 4,4 eyelohexylidene-bisphenol.

group are far superior stabilizers to Control Example A, The above test results provide further evidence that containing only a monocyclic p i COIIIPOImd- Simithe products falling within the present invention are supey, the Pmfel'red Compounds of this invention having rior in their stabilizing activity for polyvinyl chloride resins aIiPhafiQ groups the P11052111te {molecule are even than even closely related materials which are outside of than those Wlthout the ahPhatlc groupthe scope of the present invention. For example, the com- Example XI pound of Control C diifers from the product of Example 8 only in the absence of a linking Y group in the bis- The following tests were conducted to show the stabilizmg effectiveness of various phosphites containing phenol radial. However, Control C has a serious initial ferent Y 1inking groups in the bicyclic Phenolic groups discoloration in the polyvinyl chloride resins containing (ArYAr) of this invention. The same resin formulathe P P Q P tion was prepared as in Example X using the phosphite The Phosphltes 0f the lnvelmofl 3150 81% 615430- stabilizers set forth in the Table XI below. Controls A two stabilizers for olefin p y such as p y y and B are repeated. polypropylene, polybutylene, and higher polyolefins.

TABLE x1 AA BB 00 Phosphite 0! Example 8: Transesterificatlon product of octyl Phosphite of Example 28: Phosphite of Example diphenyl phosphite Trensesterlfieation prod 30: Transesterification Control Example Phosphite of Conand 4,4-methyl uct oi ootyl diphenyl of octyl diphenyl A, trioresyl phos trol B: (Examples ene-bis(2-t-butyl-6- phosphite and oxod1- phosphlte and 4 ,4-ey- Time of heating (minutes) phlte 24 to 27) methyl phenol) phenol clghexlylidene blS- p eno Initial Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless. 15 Li Very light yellow..-- Very light yellow.... Very light yellow. Very light yellow. 30 OranE'e Light yellow". Light yellow Light yellow--. Y llow. 45. Dark orange ..do..-.- o.. Yellow. Do. do Yellow Yellow 0.. Do. Very dark orange -..-do do--. ..do Do.

ost blaek do.... .do... .do Charred dark yellow. Black- Chan-ed. ...do Yellow charred corners- Black.

B1aek.....-...- Almost all black Black...

Example XII Olefin polymers on heating and working in air undergo A resin formulation was prepared according to Examdegl'adatlofl, resultlng In a 1058 H1 melt VISCOSIW- Thls ple X containing the phosphites set forth in Table XII, problem is particularly serious with polypropylene. The 

